In the previous blog, we introduced the different classifications of cnc milling machines. Today we will talk about the maintenance of various parts of desktop cnc milling machines.

Maintenance of spindle system of desktop cnc milling machine

1. Cleaning of spindle taper hole

The taper contact between the spindle taper hole and the tool shank keeps the coaxiality between the tool and the spindle center. If the spindle taper hole is not clean, it will cause the deflection and non concentricity between the spindle and the tool center, which will affect the accuracy of the workpiece.

Therefore, it is very important to keep the spindle taper hole clean. Before installing the cutter, clean it with compressed air and remove the dirt from the taper hole.

2. Clean the spindle parts regularly

Clean the dirt on the spindle fan every three months.

3. Maintenance before stopping machining center

For machining centers that are not used for a long time, be sure to brush oil first to prevent the main parts such as the main shaft from rusting.

4. Spindle structure

It is a hollow shaft structure, with a conical hole at the front end, which is matched with the tool handle; The rear end is equipped with an automatic tool clamping mechanism.

There are two kinds of common spindles: spindle unit composed of belt drive and gearbox and motorized spindle. Motorized spindle is that the motor is directly installed in the spindle, and the motor is connected with the spindle to directly drive the tool movement.

5. Automatic tool clamping mechanism

It is composed of knife handle, collet, butterfly spring, piston and cylinder, as shown in Figure 3-18. The air cylinder is supplied by the air compressor.

6. End face key

An end face key is installed at the lower end of the main shaft, which is matched with the tool handle for driving torque. The taper of the tool shank and the taper in the lower hole of the spindle only play a centering role and cannot transmit torque.

7. Automatic chip removal device

It refers to the automatic removal of chips and dirt in the spindle hole by compressed air to ensure the correct positioning of the cutter bar.

Maintenance of feed system of desktop cnc milling machine

1. Driving device

It is divided into stepping motor drive and AC servo motor drive. Stepper motor drive has no position feedback and poor accuracy and load capacity.

2. Position detection device

It is only used in AC servo control system. Generally, it detects the speed and phase angle position of servo motor, which is called closed-loop or semi closed-loop detection device.

3. Mechanical transmission mechanism

• Gear drive - reduce speed through gear drive.

• Synchronous belt drive - the synchronous belt combines the advantages of V-belt drive and gear drive, and the transmission is accurate and stable.

• Coupling - the connection between the motor and the ball screw.

• Ball screw transmission - the rolling friction transmission of ball is used to replace the traditional sliding friction transmission of lead screw, with high transmission accuracy, no reverse transmission clearance, sensitive and accurate transmission.

• Guide rail - divided into hard rail and wire rail. Generally, hard rails with plastic plates are used.

• Executive part - workbench. There are three T-slots on the workbench to fix the flat pliers or directly install the workpiece.

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